Professional ethics for lawyers pdf. ing an oral informed consent.

Professional ethics for lawyers pdf. Globalization has expanded the demand Apr 11, 2025 · A Century of Legal Ethics: Trial Lawyers and the ABA Canons of Professional Ethics American Bar Association Available on microfiche. Faculty of Law. A code of ethics, also referred to as an "ethical code," may encompass areas such as business ethics, a code of professional practice, and an employee code of conduct. Lawyers must adhere to Part IV - Georgia Rules of Professional Conduct (Current) CHAPTER 1 GEORGIA RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ENFORCEMENT THEREOF Rule 4-101. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Professional_Ethics_for_Lawyers - Free download as Word Doc (. CODES OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR LAWYERS The American Bar Association has provided leadership in legal ethics through the adoption of professional standards that serve as models of the law governing lawyers since the adoption of the Canons of Professional Ethics in 1908. Legal Abstract. Featured on the World Wide Web by The Law Firm of Chan Robles & Associates - Philippines. This document discusses the origin and development of the legal profession in India. A. It notes that lawyers must adhere to a code of conduct to uphold the dignity of the legal profession. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. Does it mean that the lawyer is obligated to represent a self This page serves as a catch all for all of the Arizona Rules of Professional Conduct. It outlines the duties lawyers have to courts, clients, opponents, and colleagues. It discusses the importance of professional ethics, etiquette, and the obligations to clients, the court, opponents, and the This document discusses the standard of conduct for lawyers in India. Every person has been given the right to engage a lawyer of their choice to represent their case. This article delves into the critical importance of legal ethics and professional responsibility in the legal profession, emphasizing their role in upholding justice and societal trust. Lawyers are entrusted with the task of upholding justice, ensuring the rule of law, and safeguarding the rights and interests of their clients. It discusses various canons and rules that lawyers must follow, including upholding the law, avoiding misconduct, making legal services available, honest advertising, courtesy towards colleagues, and assisting in the efficient administration of justice. The Bar Council of India establishes and enforces the code of professional conduct under the Advocate Act of 1961. The Model Rules of Professional Conduct (MRPC) are a set of legal ethics rules created by the American Bar Association (ABA) in 1983 in place of the 1969 Code of Professional Responsibility. Without it, individual rights become subject to unrestrained power, respect for law is destroyed, and rational III. It begins by outlining the importance of legal ethics and the role of lawyers in society. S. It also outlines the rights, duties, and privileges of advocates in India. If you are a Texas attorney with a specific ethics question that is not answered by the resources below, please call our toll-free Ethics Helpline at (800)532-3947. But in the last analysis it is the desire for the respect and confidence of the members of the profession and Oct 2, 2024 · INFORMATION ABOUT LEGAL SERVICES Rule 7. It New York Rules of Conduct with Comments (PDF) — Effective April 1, 2009, as amended through July 7, 2025, with commentary as amended though July 7, 2025. It also outlines the general conduct and responsibilities of advocates, as well as elements of advocacy like accepting briefs, filing cases, pleading, examination of witnesses, arguments Where comprehensive rules of ethics or professional conduct exist, they should ensure that lawyers are required to follow client care procedures, act in the best interests of the client, and fulfil their duties as advocates. All North Carolina lawyers must follow a code of ethics called the Rules of Professional Conduct. Lawyers who violate these ethical standards can face punishment from disciplinary committees, including suspension 75986140 Professional Ethics Project - Free download as Word Doc (. This guide also identifies resources for researching management of law offices and corporate legal departments. "). Instead, it is a brief practical guide for lawyers so that they may understand the importance of maintaining high professional standards and are aware of their main duties. See paragraph (e) for the def "Firm" or "law firm" denotes a lawyer or lawyers in a law partnership, professional corporation, sole proprietorship or other association authorized to practice law; or lawyers employed in a legal services organization or the legal department of a corporation or other organization. Importance of ethics and professional responsibility in the legal profession Ethics and professional responsibility form the bedrock of the legal profession. both instances, the changes have been substantial. Researching issues in professional responsibility is a complex process and requires use of materials beyond judicial decisions and statutes. The exam will consist of a project file worth 30 marks and a viva-voce worth 20 marks, totaling 50 marks. This document contains the Code of Professional Responsibility for Lawyers in the Philippines. ing an oral informed consent. doc / . This document provides an overview of materials for law students, including topics on professional ethics and the legal profession. Preceding the Model Code were the 1908 Canons of Professional Ethics (last amended in 1963). The course will cover topics like the regulation of the legal profession and ethical rules Full text of the Code of Professional Responsibility. Lawyers can lose their license for unethical behavior. The document provides a summary of an individual applying for a position. It outlines several standards of conduct, including the Seven Lamps of Advocacy, Panchsheel of the Bar, and Ten Commandments of Advocates. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR LAWYERS Semester VII Course Code Course Title L T P Credit UGCLPE4103 Professional Ethics for Lawyers 1 1 2 Pre-requisite NA Co-requisite NA Course Outcomes Bloom’s Sl. Professional ethics regulate lawyers' behaviour towards clients, adversaries, and the court. The applicant expresses their desire to pursue a 309: Professional Ethics & Professional Accounting System OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE: This is a Compulsory Clinical Course as prescribed under the Bar Council of India – Rules of Legal Education, 2008. A lawyer should demonstrate respect for the legal system and for those who serve it, including judges, other lawyers and The document discusses professional ethics for lawyers in India. It is a re-statement of much that is in these requirements and a guide as to what the International Bar Association considers to be a desirable course of conduct by all lawyers engaged in the international This booklet was prepared to define the professional ethics of the legal profession in a simple and descriptive manner. Notes on Professional Ethics of Advocates - Free download as Word Doc (. Notes 5th Semester My Fair Garden, Flat # 103, Beside Ohris, Petrol Bunk, Hyderabad. As Dr. This is a collection of rules governing professional conduct for attorneys, judges, and clerks of court. The duties of lawyers include verifying facts, maintaining fairness toward clients, and preserving the integrity of the legal system. Amarasinghe emphasizes the responsibilities of lawyers, including their clients, the court, and other institutions. It outlines 12 Canons and various Rules that lawyers must follow. The document also examines the specific professional ethics of lawyers/advocates, which are based on principles of honesty, fairness, integrity, respect for law and courts, and appropriate relations with clients and colleagues. ABA MODEL CODE OF Ethics is principles of standard of behaviour applicable to the society, to decide the right from the wrong. [5] A lawyer's conduct should conform to the requirements of the law, both in professional service to clients and in the lawyer's business and personal affairs. It covers 4 units: 1) Development of the legal profession in India and the Advocates Act of 1961. The document provides information on the Professional Ethics course offered at Jindal Global Law School. docx), PDF File (. Oct 1, 2024 · Indiana Rules of Professional Conduct Adopted, Effective January 1, 1987 Updated, Effective October 1, 2024 This trust is essential for the legal system to work properly. 3 Solicitation of Clients Rule 7. The legal profession is now highly regulated by the Bar Council of India, which sets standards for legal education and professional conduct. It notes that accounting provides a complete financial picture, and helps calculate annual income, taxes, and amounts due to/from clients. Kailash Rai - Free download as PDF File (. Furthermore, for purposes of determining the lawyer's authority and responsibility, principles of substantive law external to these Rules determine whether a client-lawyer relationship exists. " This is your second most important class, after whatever your practice area is. Contempt of Court includes civil and criminal contempt, as defined under the Contempt of Court Act 1971. They serve as models for the ethics rules of most jurisdictions. 30, 2022. Harris The document announces that a practical examination in Professional Ethics will be held for 7th semester BA LLB and 3rd semester LLB students. Practical File_ Professional Ethics, Accountability of Lawyers and Bar Bench Relation _ PDF _ Barrister _ Advocate - Free download as PDF File (. - (73) Professional Ethics for Lawyers | Kumar Rajendran - Academia. It aims to develop students' understanding of legal professional ethics and their application. The course of professional ethics of a lawyer is aimed at developing the moral side of a lawyer’s personality. The document discusses the effects of globalization on the Indian legal profession. The practical file focuses on topics related to professional ethics The Code of Professional Responsibility points the way to the aspiring and provides standards by which to judge the transgressor. These establish guidelines regarding Jan 1, 2018 · Maulana Azad Digital Library A reservoir of Digital Content of University of Science & Technology, Meghalaya (India) Digital Library preserves and enables easy and open access to all types of digital content including text, images, moving images, mpegs and data sets and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access. The document discusses the relationship between judges (the bench) and lawyers (the bar) in India. It begins by explaining that the legal profession originated during British rule, as there is no evidence of it existing before then under Hindu or Mughal rule. This document provides summaries of 10 key cases related to professional ethics and misconduct for lawyers. PLEASE NOTE: The New York Rules of Professional Conduct have been adopted by the Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court and are published as Part 1200 of the All actively licensed attorneys are required to complete a minimum of two hours of CLE in ethics and professionalism by the end of each compliance period. The Rules of Professional Conduct are rules of reason. It Texas Ethics Resources This page contains a list of ethics resources for Texas attorneys, judges, and legal professionals. These ethics establish principles like equal treatment of colleagues, fairness, and correcting ethical breaches. It begins by explaining that the legal profession originated during British rule, as there is no evidence of its existence prior under Hindu or Mughal rule. It discusses the evolution and development of the legal profession in India from ancient times to modern times. lawyer should maintain communication with a client concerning the representation. It discusses the development of the legal profession in India and England. It is not intended to serve as a complete code of conduct. All are governed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and by an ethical code adopted by the Court called the Rules of Professional Conduct. During this year, 2020, I decided to revise the book, as nearly two decades of time has passed. 2 Communications Concerning a Lawyer’s Services: Specific Rules Rule 7. Lawyers' Ethics and Professional Regulation 4th Edition - Free download as PDF File (. Statements PO Aligned PSO Aligned Learning Level Learn about the meaning and CO1 importance of ethics for legal 2 PO6 PSO1 professionals. R. This document discusses the professional ethics and etiquette expected of law students and advocates. A lawyer's conduct should conform to the requirements of the law, both in professional service to clients and in the lawyer's business and personal affairs. doc), PDF File (. Legal Methods. The Advocate charged with the professional misconduct shall appear in person or through the Lawyer. ARB Amarasinghe in his book of professional ethics and responsibilities of lawyers pointed out, a lawyer has many obligations. A lawyer should use the law’s procedures only for legitimate purposes and not to harass or intimidate others. In the light of the recent judicial decisions, and relevant statutory amendments, the book has been thoroughly revised. A lawyer should use the law's procedures only for legitimate purposes and not to harass or intimidate others. 3) Disciplinary proceedings for professional misconduct and the role of bar councils. Professional Ethics and Etiquette - Free download as PDF File (. Disciplinary sanctions against lawyers include private reprimands, public censure, suspension of the right to practice, and disbarment. Find out more The Future is Here: Globalization and the Regulation of the Legal Profession On May 26-31, 2009 in Chicago, state supreme court chief justices from twenty-three A. Effective advocacy requires honesty Professional Ethics for Lawyers - Free download as Word Doc (. Accounting books that must be kept include a cash book, receipt/payment vouchers, journal, and ledger. It also offers a wealth of secondary materials, including practice guides for “Firm” or “law firm” denotes a lawyer or lawyers in a private firm, law partnership, professional corporation, sole proprietorship or other association authorized to practice law pursuant to Bar Rule 1-203 (d); or lawyers employed in a legal services organization or the legal department of a corporation or other organization. Professional_Ethics_for_Lawyers. lawyers. Disciplinary Action; Levels of Discipline; Georgia Rules of Professional Conduct Contents Preamble: A Lawyer's Responsibilities Scope Feb 12, 2025 · ABA/Bloomberg Law Lawyers' Manual on Professional Conduct This database is run by BNA and provides access to the full text of all the ABA model rules and comments, the ABA/Bloomberg Law Lawyers' Manual on Professional Conduct, and ABA ethics opinions from 1986-present, all of which are fully indexed and searchable. pdf) or read online for free. Conduct and Procedural Rules Texas attorneys must abide by the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Professional Ethics for Lawyers (1) - Free download as PDF File (. It is ―the standard of minimally acceptable conduct within the legal profession, involving the duties that its members owe one another, their client and the court‖ (Black‘s Law Dictionary, 726). Besides, there isn't \legal ethics" anymore, it's \The rules of professional conduct. The State Bar offers many resources, including ethics opinions, education programs, and research tools that can aid you while you practice law. " Really, it's \the law of lawyering. The ledger should track client accounts, fees received Honesty, integrity and fairness lawyer shall at all times maintain the highest standards of honesty, integrity and fairness towards the lawyer’s clients, the court, colleagues and all those with whom the lawyer comes into professional contact. txt) or read online for free. ” To this end, the Attorney’s Law2 and Code of Professional Ethics of the Attorneys, Attorney’s Professional Associates and Attorney’s Trainees of the MBA (“MBA Code”)3, provide the legal and regulatory framework to ensure that the autonomy and independence of Professional ethics for lawyers is legal ethics. By its nature, this academic discipline is interdisciplinary, as a result of which it involves combining knowledge of philosophy, sociology, psychology, cultural studies, religious studies, aesthetics with individual branches of law. edu - Free download as PDF File (. B. Legal Ethics by Dr. It also lists computer skills and work experience. b. LLB (Hons) student at Amity University, Noida, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for their law degree. ABA/Bloomberg Law Lawyer’s Manual on Professional Conduct is an electronic database (available in Bloomberg Law) that includes recent legal ethics news stories, the full text of ABA ethics opinions as well as a digest of state ethics opinions, and links to additional ethics resources by state. A Legislative History: The Development of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, 1982-2013 American Bar Association Library also has previous editions on micro: 3rd (2006), 2nd (1999), 1st (1987). Professional Ethics and Accountancy for Lawyers - Free download as PDF File (. Guidelines are provided for the required contents and Lawyers’ ethics is more than a set of principles for one to follow, it is also about how to conduct oneself whilst practicing. Supreme Court Rule 804(a). Article 53 of the national Constitution1 holds the legal profession to be “an autonomous and independent public service. Feb 24, 2021 · Nearly 63,000 lawyers are licensed to practice law in Pennsylvania. Legal profession is (or) right to practice is privilege The California Rules of Professional Conduct are intended to regulate professional conduct of attorneys licensed by the State Bar through discipline. Ethics ssional ethics for lawyers? What conduct amounts to professional misconduct? What are the repercussions if a lawyer does not follow the princi les of professional ethics? What are the mechanisms set by law to deal with complaints of professional misconduct? These and many other similar other questions trouble the mind of n May 30, 2020 · PDF | On May 30, 2020, Dinara Abdunayimova published THE PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF LAWYERS: PRINCIPLES, PROPERTIES AND NORMS. Each lawyer's own conscience must provide the touchstone against which to test the extent to which the lawyer's actions should rise above minimum standards. This document is a project submitted by Manashwi Sahay, a 9th semester B. The canons cover topics such as a lawyer's Tags: legal ethics, ethical theory, attorney-client confidentiality, professional ethics, Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Model Code, Lawyers’ Code of Conduct [pg761]“Any occupation or profession is unworthy if it requires of us that we do as a functionary what we would be ashamed to do as a private person. 4 Communication of Fields of Practice Entire rule and comment repealed, reserved, and effective September 10, 2020 Rule 7. Jun 4, 2019 · FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT 1 enlightened self-government. It means that lawyers have the constitutional obligation to take up the case of every person who approaches them for legal representation. 2) How the 1 - Free download as Word Doc (. Legal ethics provide a com-prehensive framework for lawyers to maintain professionalism, integrity, and competence. Law so grounded makes justice possible, for only through such law does the dignity of the individual ttain respect and protection. More Details Professional Ethics - Free download as PDF File (. It then outlines the key Center for Professional Responsibility The Center for Professional Responsibility provides national leadership in developing and interpreting standards and scholarly resources in legal and judicial ethics, professional regulation, professionalism and client protection. These resources are intended to encourage ethical practice and prevent and discourage attorney misconduct. This document discusses professional ethics for 5th semester law students. Following the adoption of the ALI’s Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers and the wholesale revision to of the ABA’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct in 2002 and The ABA Commission on Ethics 20/20 was created in 2009 to address technology and global practice changes facing U. 1 Introduction Legal ethics is a misnomer. This document appears to be a practical file submitted by Renu Singh, a student in the third year LL. "—Sydney J. Law Students Federation LL. To . The document also outlines attorneys' professional ethics duties and misconduct procedures. Professional ethics in law, is a code of rules and regulations, to guide the behaviour of the advocates - to the court, the clients and the opposite party. Before the adoption of the Model Rules, the ABA model was the 1969 Model Code of Professional Responsibility. 1 Communications Concerning a Lawyer’s Services Rule 7. pdf), Text File (. In his book "Professional Ethics and Responsibilities of Lawyers," A. Bhimrao Ambedkar University in Agra, India during the 2019-2020 academic session. The MRPC is comprised of the following sections: Client-Lawyer Relationship, Counselor, Advocate, Transactions with Persons Other than Clients, Law Firms and Associations, Public Service, Information About AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION CENTER FOR PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY The Center for Professional Responsibility is the American Bar Association’s “home” for lawyers who are interested in professionalism, ethics, client protection, legal malpractice, discipline, and regulation. It discusses the Advocates Act of 1961 and the role of the Bar Council Based on this I wrote a book 'Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and Bench-Bar Relations' in 2002 as per the then syllabi of different Universities. B program at the Faculty of Law of Dr. Professional Ethics Ll. The latest version of these standards is the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, first adopted in 1983 and The ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct were adopted by the ABA House of Delegates in 1983. 4) Accounting for lawyers and important branches of accounting Rules, Ethics & Professionalism Rules, Standards & Jury Instructions Rules Regulating the Florida Bar, Rules of Court Procedure, Standard Jury Instructions, Standards for Lawyer Sanctions and more. They should be interpreted with reference to the purposes of legal representation and of the law itself. At the core of issues of legal ethics are the rules governing the conduct of lawyers and judges that are adopted by each jurisdiction. Integrity requires honesty and transparency, while competence demands A partner in a law firm, or a lawyer who individually or together with other lawyers possesses managerial authority in a law firm, shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that the firm has in effect measures giving reasonable assurance that all lawyers in the firm conform to the Rules of Professional Conduct. In addition, although rules of ethics are drafted principally with a view to professional discipline, courts are increasingly turning to ethical rules as sources of law in litigation. Similarly, the Advocate general also appear in person or through a lawyer. 2 – Legal professional privilege and confidentiality Legal professional privilege is traditionally understood to be the lawyer’s duty not to disclose confidential information that is learned in the practice of the profession. Explain right to practice is Legal right (or) privilege in the light of constitutional provisions under article 19 (1) (g). Abdul Kareem, 7799224814 f Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyer & Bar Bench Relations Q1. This document outlines the format and requirements for a project file on the subject of "Professional Ethics, Accountability For Lawyers And Bar Bench Relations". The legal 2019-56_KartikSolanki_professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and Bar-bench Relations - Free download as Word Doc (. Enforcement of the Georgia Rules of Professional Conduct Rule 4-102. The rules of the law of lawyering fall into two categories: Objectives of the Course: Professional ethics form the foundation in the lives of the lawyers. Students must choose one of two topics for their project file: Advocacy or Contempt of Court. The Advocates Act 1961 empowers the Bar Council to set professional conduct standards. Ethics Hotline The Ethics Hotline is a confidential research service for attorneys seeking guidance on their professional responsibilities. These state rules are based on model rules adopted by the American Bar Association, most recently the Model Rules of Description It is a matter of pleasure to the author to present the revised fifth edition of the book "Professional Ethics, Accountancy for Lawyers and Bench-Bar Relations". B. It then outlines Abstract: A code of ethics is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business honestly and with integrity. Also, Professional ethics in the field of law promotes integrity and responsibility. In fulfilling these responsibilities, ethical conduct becomes paramount. A lawyer should demonstrate respect for the legal system and for those who serve it, including judges, other lawyers and public Paralegals") ("A lawyer is responsible for all of the professional actions of a paralegal performing services at the lawyer's direction and should take reasonable measures to ensure that the paralegal's conduct is consistent with the lawyer's obligations under the rules of professional conduct of the jurisdiction in which the lawyer practices. The project analyzes breaches of professional ethics by lawyers through a The document outlines the course units for a course on professional ethics for lawyers and bench-bar relations in India. Year I - 2014/2015. It notes that globalization has presented significant changes to legal education and the practice of law in India. It discusses the composition and powers of State Bar Councils, including enrolling attorneys, disciplinary actions, and managing legal education. This document outlines the syllabus for the 5th semester Professional Ethics course. The document outlines the ethical responsibilities and duties of advocates in the legal profession, emphasizing fairness, systematic study, and diligence. The document discusses the purpose and importance of lawyers maintaining proper accounting records. It includes their education history with top ranks and gold medals in political science. 2) The seven lamps of advocacy and an advocate's duties. The Rules address issues like upholding the law, improving the legal system, advertising legal services appropriately, interacting with other lawyers and the courts professionally, and not assisting with unauthorized practice of law Legal ethics aims to uphold the honour and dignity of the legal profession. The cases establish that seeking unnecessary adjournments, soliciting clients inappropriately, assaulting parties to a case, and engaging in non-legal businesses can all constitute professional misconduct. The 2023 Tennessee Rules of Professional Conduct includes all amendments as of and through Nov. Kusal Kavinda Amarasinghe. The analysis section covers the history and importance of the legal profession in India. Client-Lawyer Relationship | A lawyer, as a member of the legal profession, is a representative of clients, an officer of the legal system and a public citizen having special responsibility for the quality of justice. Legal professionals can come to this page for an overview. A lawyer acts as evaluator by examining a client's legal affairs and reporting about them to the client or to others. No. University of Colombo - Sri Lanka. Project File - Free download as PDF File (. Ethics Definition - Ethics refers to the standards set by the Kansas Rules of Professional Conduct with which lawyers must abide to remain in good standing as members of the Kansas bar. The edition is available in a booklet-sized printed edition and or PDF format that you can download here. The lawyers have social responsibility in upholding the dignity of legal profession. The Bar The document discusses the professional ethics that lawyers must follow in India. Ans. As such, a lawyer may owe duty to a third party and the wider community. The document discusses the nobility of the legal profession, noting that it has always been considered a noble profession due to lawyers' efforts to uphold societal ideals and serve the community, and describes the "Seven Lamps of Advocacy" that are qualities considered essential for advocates, including honesty, courage, industry, wit, eloquence, judgment, and fellowship. Programming is accreditable This document outlines the Code of Professional Responsibility for Lawyers in the Philippines. Evaluate various judgments on ethics of CO2 the Supreme May 1, 2025 · This research guide provides an overview of legal ethics and professional responsibility. It outlines the topics to be covered, including the development of the legal profession in India, the Advocates Act of 1961, enrollment requirements to practice law, the seven lamps of advocacy, an advocate's duties to clients and courts, disciplinary proceedings, accounting for lawyers, and bar-bench relations. professional-ethics-for-lawyers - Free download as PDF File (. Oct 9, 2024 · This guide focuses on the codes of professional ethics and ethics opinions from the American Bar Association and state bar associations. Nov 14, 2024 · The Rules simply provide a framework for the ethical practice of law. The course is offered in the 10th semester for BA LLB students and the 6th semester for LLB students. 5 Firm Names and Dec 14, 2018 · A lawyer’s conduct should conform to the requirements of the law, both in professional service to clients and in the lawyer’s business and personal affairs. The Act empowered these bodies to regulate legal practice and attorneys. It then reviews literature on legal ethics and professional responsibility. In all professional functions a lawyer should be competent, prompt and diligent. It covers: 1) The roles and hierarchy of different participants in the judicial process, with judges at the top and defendants at the bottom. Nothing in this Code absolves a lawyer from the obligation to comply with such requirements of the law or of rules of professional conduct as may apply to him in any relevant jurisdiction. ibacq nmhwj njnop8 mi v1t u74 f7wg6 txt7 qxznp zo